Dépouillements

*** / VITALE S. ; VAN DE MHEEN D. in Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 82 (1) (2006)

[article]  in Drug and Alcohol Dependence > 82 (1) (2006)  - p.1-9 Titre : *** Titre autre langue : Illicit drug use and injuries : A review of emergency room studies Type de document : Périodique Auteurs : VITALE S. ; VAN DE MHEEN D. Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p.1-9 Caractéristiques matérielles : tabl. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Thésaurus URGENCE ; ACCIDENT ; ADDICTION Résumé : The reviewed emergency room studies (n = 11) show overall prevalence rates of illicit drug use of 35-40 % in studies using blood and urine toxicology and 1-5 % in self-report studies. Cannabis and cocaine are the substances most prevalent in these studies, with a higher prevalence of cocaine in emergency rooms in the USA than in other countries where cannabis is the most common substance. Illicit drugs and alcohol are often used in combination. No relationship was found between injury severity and illicit drug use. Less clear associations emerged concerning patient and injury characteristics and illicit drug use. However, illicit drug use seems to be more common in men aged 20-40 years and is strongly associated with violence-related injuries. Variations in the prevalence rates and patient characteristics can partly be explained by locale and/or country of research. Moreover, because methodological differences influence the study outcomes, methodological aspects of emergency room studies should be taken into consideration when interpreting the results. (Review's abstract). Cote CIRDD : 806092 Thématique : Drogues illicites Bibliographie : 41 Permalink : http://doc.cirddalsace.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=8042 [article]

*** / NELSON R. A. ; BOYD S. J. ; ZIEGELSTEIN R. C. ; HERNING R. ; CADET J. L. ; HENNINGFIELD J. E. ; SCHUSTER C. ; CONTOREGGI C. ; GORELICK D. A. in Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 82 (1) (2006)

[article]  in Drug and Alcohol Dependence > 82 (1) (2006)  - p.19-24 Titre : *** Titre autre langue : Effect of rate of administration on subjective and physiological effects of intravenous cocaine in humans Type de document : Périodique Auteurs : NELSON R. A. ; BOYD S. J. ; ZIEGELSTEIN R. C. ; HERNING R. ; CADET J. L. ; HENNINGFIELD J. E. ; SCHUSTER C. ; CONTOREGGI C. ; GORELICK D. A. Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p.19-24 Caractéristiques matérielles : graph., tabl. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Thésaurus VOIE INTRAVEINEUSE ; MECANISME D'ACTION ; COCAINE Résumé : The rate hypothesis of psychoactive drug action holds that the faster a drug reaches the brain and starts to act, the greater its reinforcing effects and abuse liability. A previous human study using a single cocaine dose confirmed the rate hypothesis for subjective responses, but found no rate effect on cardiovascular responses. We evaluated the rate hypothesis in 17 experienced cocaine users (7 [all men] provided complete data; 6 participated in only 1-2 sessions) by administering IV cocaine at each of three doses (10, 25, 50 mg) and injection durations (10, 30, 60 s) in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, escalating dose design. Heart rate, blood pressure, and positive (e.g., rush, high) and negative (e.g., feel bad, anxious) subjective effects (100-mm visual analogue scales) were measured for 1 h after dosing. Peak change from baseline, time to peak, and area under the time-response curve were evaluated with repeated measures mixed linear regression analyses, allowing use of data from all sessions for all subjects, including non-completers. Both dose (mg) and infusion rate (mg/s) significantly influenced most subjective and cardiovascular variables. Analysis of the interaction suggested that dose had a stronger impact than rate. Rate had a stronger influence on positive subjective effects than on negative subjective effects or cardiovascular variables. These findings provide support for the rate hypothesis as it applies to both subjective and cardiovascular effects of IV cocaine administration in humans. (Review's abstract). Cote CIRDD : 806093 Thématique : Drogues illicites Bibliographie : 27 Permalink : http://doc.cirddalsace.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=8043 [article]

*** / COMPTON P. ; LING W. ; MOODY D. ; CHIANG N. in Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 82 (1) (2006)

[article]  in Drug and Alcohol Dependence > 82 (1) (2006)  - p.25-31 Titre : *** Titre autre langue : Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and opioid effects of liquid versus tablet buprenorphine Type de document : Périodique Auteurs : COMPTON P. ; LING W. ; MOODY D. ; CHIANG N. Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p.25-31 Caractéristiques matérielles : fig., tabl. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Thésaurus BUPRENORPHINE ; PHARMACOCINETIQUE ; OPIACES Résumé : Aims Two tablet formulations of buprenorphine (a buprenorphine mono-product, Subutex°, and a buprenorphine/naloxone combination product, Suboxone") are available for use in the treatment of opioid addiction ; however, the bulk of the clinical studies supporting its approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) were conducted with a sublingual liquid preparation. To assist the clinician in interpreting the relevant literature in establishing dosing parameters for prescription of tablet buprenorphine, this study was designed to compare the steady state : (1) pharmacokinetics and bioavailability, and (2) physiological, subjective and objective opiate effects of two 8 mg buprenorphine tablets (16 mg) to those of 1 ml (8 mg/ml) buprenorphine solution based upon early reports suggesting that the bioavailability of the tablet was approximately 50 % of that of the liquid. Design Randomized, open-label, two-way crossover study. Setting Inpatient hospitalization for 21 days. Participants Twenty-four male and females in general good health and meeting DSM-IV criteria for opiate dependence. Intervention Subjects received one of the two buprenorphine formulations in the first 10-day period, and the other for the second 10-day period with no washout. Measurements Pharmacokinetic analyses, opiate effects and adverse events. Findings Drug steady state was reached by Day 7 of each 10-day period, area under the curve for 16 mg (two 8 mg) tablets was higher than the solution. The only non-kinetic statistically significant difference observed between the formulations was in changes in total opioid agonist score. Conclusions RESUME INCOMPLET. (Review's abstract). Cote CIRDD : 806094 Thématique : Drogues illicites Bibliographie : 12 Permalink : http://doc.cirddalsace.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=8044 [article]

*** / FAIRBAIRN N. ; WOOD E. ; SMALL W. ; STOLTZ J. A. ; LI K. ; KERR T. in Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 82 (1) (2006)

[article]  in Drug and Alcohol Dependence > 82 (1) (2006)  - p.41-46 Titre : *** Titre autre langue : Risk profile of individuals who provide assistance with illicit drug injections Type de document : Périodique Auteurs : FAIRBAIRN N. ; WOOD E. ; SMALL W. ; STOLTZ J. A. ; LI K. ; KERR T. Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p.41-46 Caractéristiques matérielles : tabl. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Thésaurus INJECTION ; CONDUITE A RISQUE Résumé : Background Assisted injection is a common practice among injection drug users (IDU) that carries significant risk for health-related harm. However, little is known about the individuals who provide assistance with injections. Methods We evaluated factors associated with providing help injecting among participants enrolled in the Vancouver Injection Drug User Study (VIDUS) using univariate and logistic regression analyses. We also examined self-reported relationships between the provider and the receiver of assisted injection, if compensation was provided for assistance, and what type of compensation was given. Results Of the 704 IDU eligible for this analysis, 193 (27,4 %) had provided help injecting during the last 6 months. Variables independently associated with providing help injecting included : lending one's own syringe (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3,99, p = 0,004) ; frequent heroin injection (AOR = 3,75, p < 0,001) ; unstable housing (AOR = 2,15, p < 0,001) ; binge drug use (AOR = 2,01, p = 0,012) ; frequent cocaine injection (AOR = 1,95, p = 0,002) ; and frequent use of crack cocaine (AOR = 1,85, p = 0,002). Help was most often provided to a casual (47,2 %) or a close friend (41,5 %). Of the 96 (49,7 %) individuals who received compensation for providing help, the most common forms of compensation were drugs (89, 6 %) and money (45,8 %). Conclusion Providing help injecting was common among IDU in this cohort and was associated with various high-risk behaviours, including elevated levels of syringe lending. These findings indicate the need for interventions that offset the risks associated with this dangerous practice. (Review's abstract). Cote CIRDD : 806906 Thématique : Drogues illicites Bibliographie : 22 Permalink : http://doc.cirddalsace.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=8045 [article]

*** / SCHELL T. L. ; CHAN K. S. ; MORRAL A. R. in Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 82 (1) (2006)

[article]  in Drug and Alcohol Dependence > 82 (1) (2006)  - p.33-40 Titre : *** Titre autre langue : Predicting DUI recidivism : Personality, attitudinal, and behavioral risk factors Type de document : Périodique Auteurs : SCHELL T. L. ; CHAN K. S. ; MORRAL A. R. Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p.33-40 Caractéristiques matérielles : fig., tabl. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Thésaurus FACTEUR DE RISQUE ; ALCOOL ; RECIDIVE ; CONDUITE A RISQUE ; CONDUITE DE VEHICULE Résumé : Aims To predict DUI recidivism using personality, attitudinal, and behavioral factors. Design We conducted cross-sectional analyses of survey data. Covariance structure modeling was used to identify unique predictors of driving after drinking (DAD), alcohol consumption, and high-risk driving. Participants Two hundred and eighty individuals with multiple DUI convictions, predominately male and Hispanic. Participants were surveyed in the Rio Hondo Courthouse, Los Angeles County, California. Measurements The survey included measures of past year frequency of DAD, socially desirable response bias, sensation seeking, trait hostility, high-risk driving style, alcohol expectancies, and alcohol consumption. Findings DAD was positively related with frequency of drinking and with positive alcohol expectancies. It was negatively associated with socially desirable response bias. Measures of high-risk driving and the personality variables were highly negatively associated with socially desirable response bias. Conclusions Individuals who believe that they are affected positively by alcohol intoxication are not responding to the standard penalties for DUI and persist in driving after drinking. These beliefs may serve as an important point of intervention for programs designed to reduce drunk driving. The current research also suggests that self-report measures of DAD, as well as many hypothesized risk factors, are highly correlated with socially desirable response biases. Failure to control for such biases may be a significant threat to the validity of research in this field. (Review's abstract). Cote CIRDD : 806095 Thématique : Alcool Bibliographie : 53 Permalink : http://doc.cirddalsace.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=8046 [article]

*** / FOTHERGILL K. E. ; ENSMINGER M. E. in Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 82 (1) (2006)

[article]  in Drug and Alcohol Dependence > 82 (1) (2006)  - p.61-76 Titre : *** Titre autre langue : Childhood and adolescent antecedents of drug and alcohol problems : A longitudinal study Type de document : Périodique Auteurs : FOTHERGILL K. E. ; ENSMINGER M. E. Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p.61-76 Caractéristiques matérielles : fig., tabl. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Thésaurus ADOLESCENT ; EPIDEMIOLOGIE ; ETUDE LONGITUDINALE ; CONSOMMATION Résumé : Despite the serious health and economic consequences of drug and alcohol abuse and dependence, few studies have prospectively examined the etiology of this problem in non-clinical populations. This longitudinal study examines childhood and adolescent antecedents of drug and alcohol problems in adulthood among an African American cohort (n = 1242 ; 51 % female) from Woodlawn, a neighborhood in Chicago. The participants were followed from age 6 to 32 years, and data were collected in first grade, adolescence, and adulthood. Structural equation modeling showed that, for both males and females, educational attainment was directly associated with a reduced risk for substance use problems. For males, first grade shyness was directly associated with a reduced risk of substance use problems, and adolescent substance use was directly associated with an increased risk. First grade aggression, low family socioeconomic status (SES), and low school bonds were indirectly associated with substance use problems for both males and females. For males, first grade underachievement had an indirect effect, and, for females, first grade shyness and strong parental supervision had indirect effects. This study is among the first to identify life course trajectories to substance use problems among an African American, community-based population. These results help to identify the targets and timing of interventions that may help to reduce the risk of drug and alcohol problems in adulthood. (Review's abstract). Cote CIRDD : 806098 Thématique : Drogues illicites Bibliographie : 121 Permalink : http://doc.cirddalsace.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=8047 [article]

*** / FISHBEIN D. H. ; HYDE C. ; ELDRETH D. ; PASCHALL M. J. ; HUBAL R. ; DAS A. ; TARTER R. ; IALONGO N. ; HUBBARD S. ; YUNG B. in Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 82 (1) (2006)

[article]  in Drug and Alcohol Dependence > 82 (1) (2006)  - p.47-60 Titre : *** Titre autre langue : Neurocognitive skills moderate urban male adolescents' responses to preventive intervention materials Type de document : Périodique Auteurs : FISHBEIN D. H. ; HYDE C. ; ELDRETH D. ; PASCHALL M. J. ; HUBAL R. ; DAS A. ; TARTER R. ; IALONGO N. ; HUBBARD S. ; YUNG B. Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p.47-60 Caractéristiques matérielles : fig., tabl. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Thésaurus ADOLESCENT ; METHODE ; PREVENTION Résumé : The present experiment was designed to determine whether individual variation in neurobiological mechanisms associated with substance abuse risk moderated effects of a brief preventive intervention on social competency skills. This study was conducted in collaboration with the ongoing preventive intervention study at Johns Hopkins University Prevention Intervention Research Center (JHU PIRC) within the Baltimore City Public Schools. A subsample (N = 120) of male 9th grade students was recruited from the larger JHU study population. Approximately half of the participants had a current or lifetime diagnosis of CD while the other half had no diagnosis of CD or other reported problem behaviors. Measures of executive cognitive function (ECF), emotional perception and intelligence were administered. In a later session, participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental or control group. The experimental group underwent a facilitated session using excerpted materials from a model preventive intervention, Positive Adolescent Choices Training (PACT), and controls received no intervention. Outcomes (i.e., social competency skills) were assessed using virtual reality vignettes involving behavioral choices as well as three social cognition questionnaires. Poor cognitive and emotional performance and a diagnosis of CD predicted less favorable change in social competency skills in response to the prevention curriculum.This study provides evidence for the moderating effects of neurocognitive and emotional regulatory functions on ability of urban male youth to respond to preventive intervention materials. (Review's abstract). Cote CIRDD : 806097 Thématique : Drogues illicites Bibliographie : 123 Permalink : http://doc.cirddalsace.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=8048 [article]

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